الكاتب: Multiple References

The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) is an important domestic animal in arid and semi-arid zones. It is used in pastoral societies as a source of meat, hair, hides and milk and for draught and transport. In gulf countries, it is used in sport races, and in other countries, it is a popular zoo animal (Ali et al., 1996). Antibacterial drugs are used in both treatment and prevention programmes for bacterial diseases of camel. Ceftiofur is a semisynthetic third generation cephalosporin, is a broadspectrum antibiotic against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria including beta-lactamase-producing bacterial strains and some anaerobic bacteria and it is less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Brown et al., 1991; Prescott, 2000). Its antibacterial activity results from the inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis in the cell wall in a similar fashion to other cephalosporins. The thioester bond on ceftiofur is rapidly cleaved to give desfuroylceftiofur, which is further metabolized to a disulfide dimer and various desfuroylceftiofur-protein and amino acid conjugates (Jaglan et al., 1990; Beconi-Barker et al.,