الكاتب: Multiple References

Moxifloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with a methoxy group in the C-8 position and C-7 side chain. Moxifloxacin has in vitro activity similar to that of older (fluoro)quinolones against Gram-negative bacteria, but shows improved activity against Gram-positive cocci, aerobic, anaerobic intracellular bacteria, as well as atypical organisms, such as Mycoplasma and Chlamydia, compared with older (fluoro) quinolones (Betriu et al., 2000). As a member of the fluoroquinolone group, moxifloxacin acts on bacterial DNA topoisomerases II and IV (Wolfson & Hooper, 1989; Drlica & Zhao, 1997). The fluoroquinolones are characterized by concentration-dependent bactericidal activity and the ability to induce a postantibiotic effect against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Odenholt & Bengtsson, 1994; Spreng et al., 1995). The fluoroquinolones have some additional characteristics, such as a wide spectrum of bactericidal activity, a large volume of distribution and relatively low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against target micro-organisms (Spreng et al., 1995; Brown, 1996). The extent of plasma protein binding was in a range of 60–93% for the gyrase inhibitors of the first generation and newer agents, such as rosoxacin, trovafloxacin and rufloxacin, and 20–40% for all other ‘fluoroquinolones’ of the third generation (Zlotos et al., 1998). In humans, moxifloxacin pharmacokinetic properties are characterized by high bioavailability (approximately 91%) and rapid penetration into target tissues (Stass & Kubitza, 1999).