الكاتب: Multiple References

Ketamine [(±) 2-o-chlorpophenyl, 2-methylamino, cyclohexanone; KET], a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has been in use in equine practice for both the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in horses for many years (Muir et al., 1977; Muir & Sams, 1992). It causes a characteristic anesthetic state often referred to as dissociative anesthesia. Based on the observation that NMDA receptors are involved in the modulation of intractable visceral and somatic pain (Woolf & Thompson, 1991; Coderre et al., 1993; Fisher et al., 2000), KET as one of the few clinically available NMDA receptor antagonist drugs have been tested and found to be effective as an analgesic in both laboratory and human clinical