الكاتب: Multiple References

Reducing the cost of beef production necessitates improving the ratio of outputs to inputs. This need can be addressed at the operation level by altering the management system or at the individual animal level by altering inherent biologic productivity and efficiency. Numerous products have been developed throughout the years to reduce production costs by improving animal growth rate and the efficiency with which feed is used. Using currently available performance-enhancing products, rate and efficiency of growth typically are improved from 5% to 20% and 3% to 10%, respectively. The objective of this article is to provide a brief review of the types of products commonly used in one or more countries of North America to enhance performance of growing beef cattle. Aspects most directly related to rate and efficiency of growth and end-product characteristics are addressed. Other considerations (eg, potential effects on animal health, regulatory limitations of use in specific countries, and so forth), although important, are beyond the scope of this article.