الكاتب: Multiple References

Pharmacokinetics deals with the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Studies in this field are normally done in individual animals. Due to the technical difficulties involved in establishing the necessary experimental methods, studies on the fate of aquaculture drugs and environmental pollutants have rarely been performed in individual fish. It has been customary to collect pharmacokinetic information from fish by giving drugs intravascularly or orally to a large group of fish, and taking blood samples by killing several fish at each sampling time point. However, a dorsal aorta cannulation technique has been used in several studies (Sohlberg et al., 1990, 1994, 1996) to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of flumequine in fish, by collecting blood samples repeatedly from individual free swimming fish. This technique may be supplemented with other procedures in order to better describe the disposition of xenobiotics in fish. Techniques allowing urine and bile to be collected from individual free swimming fish, may provide additional information about the route of drug excretion in fish. The aim of the present work was to study the excretion of flumequine in Atlantic salmon in sea water by combining various cannulation techniques, making it possible to collect blood, urine and bile samples repeatedly from individual free-swimming fish.