الكاتب: Multiple References

PNU-87407 and PNU-88509 (Fig. 1) are novel b-ketoamides which possess anthelmintic properties (Lee & Clothier, 1992). These compounds are structurally related to closantel, an anthelmintic which is believed to act by disrupting proton gradients across mitochondrial membranes in nematodes (Van den Bossche, 1972) and other parasitic helminths (Van Miert & Groeneveld, 1969). Campbell & Montague (1981) showed that a good correlation exists between uncoupling and anthelmintic activities for a wide range of uncoupling agents, including closantel, during in vitro and in vivo exposures of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. Other studies, however, have shown that the effects of salicylanilide anthelmintics on motility (Coles, 1977) and electrochemical gradients across muscle and tegumental membranes (Thompson et al., 1984; Pax & Bennett, 1989, 1990) in trematodes occur faster and at lower concentrations than their effects on ATP levels, suggesting that other mechanisms may underlie their anthelmintic actions