![كتاب Attenuation of acute plasma cortisol response in calves following intravenous sodium salicylate administration prior to castration](https://www.pdf-books.org/kutubpdfcafe/cover/imagenotfound.webp)
الكاتب: Multiple References
Pain inflicted by routine animal husbandry procedures, such as castration, is a major animal welfare concern in beef production (Oltjen & Mitloehner, 2003). Pain is defined as an aversive feeling or sensation associated with actual or potential tissue damage, resulting in physiological, neuroendocrine, and behavioral changes that indicate a ‘stress’ response (Broom, 2000; Anderson & Muir, 2005). Castration of cattle destined for slaughter in the USA is a common practice (Chase et al., 1995). Based on the number of steers weighing >227 kg (500 lbs) reported by the US Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA NASS, 2006), there are approximately 14.9 million bovine castrations performed in the USA annually. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) considers castration to be one of the most stressful experiences for livestock. Research in developing improved techniques for painless, humane castration is considered a priority (AVMA, 2006).
تحميل كتاب Attenuation of acute plasma cortisol response in calves following intravenous sodium salicylate administration prior to castration ، كتاب Attenuation of acute plasma cortisol response in calves following intravenous sodium salicylate administration prior to castration pdf للتحميل المجاني ، تحميل كتب pdf، وكتب عربية للتحميل، تحميل روايات عربية ، تحميل روايات عالمية ، روايات pdf ، تحميل كتب Multiple References pdf ، تحميل جميع كتب ومؤلفات Multiple References ،و اقرأ مقالات مفيدة ، تذكر كل هذا وأكثر على مكتبة الكتب.
هذا المحتوى مخفي
جميع خدماتنا مجانية .. يرجى دعمنا والمشاركة علي إحدى مواقع التواصل الإجتماعي
أو انتظر 10 ثانية لظهور المحتوى